Pub. 5 2015 Issue 2

• Bauxite (aluminum). Mined in Australia, China, Brazil, India, Guinea, Jamaica, Russia, Venezuela, Suriname, Kazakhstan, Guyana and Greece. • Cadmium(batteries). Mined in China, Re- public of Korea, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Canada, Russia, United States, India, Nether- lands, Poland, Germany and Australia. • Chromite (chromium). Mined in South Africa, India and Kazakhstan. • Coal (by-product coke is used to make steel). Coal is mined world-wide, and con- stitutes 45% of the generation of U.S. elec- tricity. • Cobalt (alloy; batteries). Mined in Congo- Kinshasa, Canada, Zambia, Russia, Australia, China, Cuba, Morocco, New Caledonia and Brazil. • Copper (wiring). Mined in Chile, United States, Peru, China, Australia, Russia, Indone- sia, Canada, Zambia, Poland and Mexico. • Gold (circuitry). Mined in China, United States, Australia, South Africa, Peru, Canada, Uzbekistan, Ghana, Papua New Guinea, In- donesia, Brazil, Mexico and Chile. • Iron ore (steel). Mined in China, Bra- zil, Australia, India, Russia, Ukraine, United States, South Africa, Iran, Canada, Sweden, Kazakhstan, Venezuela and Mexico. • Lead (batteries). Mined in China, Australia, United States, Peru, Mexico, Canada, India, Bolivia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Ireland and South Africa. • Lithium (batteries). Mined in Chile, Aus- tralia, China, Argentina, Portugal, Zimbabwe and Brazil. • Manganese (steel alloy). Mined in South Africa, Australia, China, Gabon, Brazil, India, Ukraine and Mexico. • Molybdenum(steel alloy). Mined inChina, United States, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Canada, Armenia, Iran, Russia and Mongolia. • Nickel (batteries; alloy). Mined in Russia, Canada, Australia, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Philippines, Columbia, China, Cuba, Brazil, Botswana, South Africa, Dominican Republic, Greece, Venezuela and Spain. • Platinum (circuitry). Mined in South Africa, Russia, Canada, Zimbabwe, United States and Columbia. • Rare Earth Oxides - Lanthanum (batteries), Neodymium (electric motors). Mined in China, India and Brazil. • Silica (silicon). Mined in United States, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Aus- tralia, France, Spain, Japan, Poland, Hungary, South Africa, Mexico, Austria, Iran, Republic of Korea, Slovakia, Canada, Belgium, India, Bulgaria, Norway, Chile, Gambia, Turkey and Czech Republic. • Sulfur (chemical solutions). Mined in United States, Canada, China, Rus- sia, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Germany, United Arab Emirates, Repub- lic of Korea, Mexico, Chile, Iran, France, Poland, India, Australia, Italy, Kuwait, Finland, Spain, South Africa, Netherlands and Uzbekistan. • Tungsten (wiring). Mined in China, Russia, Canada, Austria, Bolivia and Portugal. • Vanadium (alloy). Mined in China, South Africa and Russia. • Zinc (galvanizing). Mined in China, Peru, Australia, United States, Canada, India, Kazakhstan, Ireland and Mexico. Reprinted with permission and adapted from the Mineral Information Institute. For more information, visit www.mii.org . INTERESTING FACTS • Hybrid cars use twice as much copper as non-hybrid cars. • The glass in vehicle windows contains trona and feldspar. • Carpeting contains boron and limestone. • Steel-belted tires contain mica, sulfur, beryllium, cobalt, and zinc and copper (brass). • The majority of lead consumed in the United States is produced from recycled lead-acid batteries. • The recycling rate of lead contained in lead-acid batteries in the Unit- ed States is estimated to be about 96%. • Lead-acid batteries are used in most micro-hybrid vehicles that have automatic stop-start functionality to cut engine power when the ve- hicle is idling. • New designs that significantly improve the performance of lead-acid batteries are being tested for future use in hybrid electric vehicles. • A multitude of petroleum products are used in hybrid cars. What’s in a Hybrid Car?