Pub. 3 2013 Issue 2

22 AT THE CENTER OF UTAH INDUSTRY • Bauxite (aluminum). Mined in Australia, China, Brazil, India, Guinea, Jamaica, Russia, Venezuela, Suriname, Kazakhstan, Guyana and Greece. • Cadmium(batteries). Mined in China, Re- public of Korea, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Canada, Russia, United States, India, Nether- lands, Poland, Germany and Australia. • Chromite (chromium). Mined in South Africa, India and Kazakhstan. • Coal (by-product coke is used to make steel). Coal is mined world-wide, and con- stitutes 45% of the generation of U.S. elec- tricity. • Cobalt (alloy; batteries). Mined in Congo- Kinshasa, Canada, Zambia, Russia, Australia, China, Cuba, Morocco, New Caledonia and Brazil. • Copper (wiring). Mined in Chile, United States, Peru, China, Australia, Russia, Indone- sia, Canada, Zambia, Poland and Mexico. • Gold (circuitry). Mined in China, United States, Australia, South Africa, Peru, Canada, Uzbekistan, Ghana, Papua New Guinea, In- donesia, Brazil, Mexico and Chile. • Iron ore (steel). Mined in China, Bra- zil, Australia, India, Russia, Ukraine, United States, South Africa, Iran, Canada, Sweden, Kazakhstan, Venezuela and Mexico. • Lead (batteries). Mined in China, Australia, United States, Peru, Mexico, Canada, India, Bolivia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Ireland and South Africa. • Lithium (batteries). Mined in Chile, Aus- tralia, China, Argentina, Portugal, Zimbabwe and Brazil. • Manganese (steel alloy). Mined in South Africa, Australia, China, Gabon, Brazil, India, Ukraine and Mexico. • Molybdenum(steel alloy). Mined inChina, United States, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Canada, Armenia, Iran, Russia and Mongolia. • Nickel (batteries; alloy). Mined in Russia, Canada, Australia, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Philippines, Columbia, China, Cuba, Brazil, Botswana, South Africa, Dominican Republic, Greece, Venezuela and Spain. • Platinum (circuitry). Mined in South Africa, Russia, Canada, Zimbabwe, United States and Columbia. • Rare Earth Oxides - Lanthanum (batteries), Neodymium (electric motors). Mined in China, India and Brazil. • Silica (silicon). Mined in United States, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Aus- tralia, France, Spain, Japan, Poland, Hungary, South Africa, Mexico, Austria, Iran, Republic of Korea, Slovakia, Canada, Belgium, India, Bulgaria, Norway, Chile, Gambia, Turkey and Czech Republic. • Sulfur (chemical solutions). Mined in United States, Canada, China, Rus- sia, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Germany, United Arab Emirates, Repub- lic of Korea, Mexico, Chile, Iran, France, Poland, India, Australia, Italy, Kuwait, Finland, Spain, South Africa, Netherlands and Uzbekistan. • Tungsten (wiring). Mined in China, Russia, Canada, Austria, Bolivia and Portugal. • Vanadium (alloy). Mined in China, South Africa and Russia. • Zinc (galvanizing). Mined in China, Peru, Australia, United States, Canada, India, Kazakhstan, Ireland and Mexico. Reprinted with permission and adapted from the Mineral Information Institute. For more information, visit www.mii.org. INTERESTING FACTS • Hybrid cars use twice as much copper as non-hybrid cars. • The glass in vehicle windows contains trona and feldspar. • Carpeting contains boron and limestone. • Steel-belted tires contain mica, sulfur, beryllium, cobalt, and zinc and copper (brass). • The majority of lead consumed in the United States is produced from recycled lead-acid batteries. • The recycling rate of lead contained in lead-acid batteries in the Unit- ed States is estimated to be about 96%. • Lead-acid batteries are used in most micro-hybrid vehicles that have automatic stop-start functionality to cut engine power when the ve- hicle is idling. • New designs that significantly improve the performance of lead-acid batteries are being tested for future use in hybrid electric vehicles. • A multitude of petroleum products are used in hybrid cars. What’s in a Hybrid Car?